The substitution of machinery for human labour
David Ricardo, 1821 (John Murray). Ricardo, the British political economist, added a new chapter On Machinery to the third edition of his Principles in 1821, changing his earlier view on how machines affect workers.
On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation, 3rd edition, Chapter 31: On Machinery
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Who else?
What it refers to: Machines replacing workers, a change now judged often very injurious to the labouring class even while landlords and capitalists still benefit.
Other voices
- “To discharge the greater part of the men spinners” Andrew Ure,
- “Lightened the day’s toil of any human being” John Stuart Mill,
- “His real, his permanent problem” John Maynard Keynes,
- “About 47 percent of total US employment is at risk” Carl Benedikt Frey and Michael A. Osborne,
- “Racing with the machine beats racing against the machine” Erik Brynjolfsson,
- “Human labor would no longer earn most income” Robin Hanson,










