Much more effectively than man alone can perform them
March 1960 (IRE Transactions on Human Factors in Electronics, HFE-1). J. C. R. Licklider, psychologist at Bolt Beranek and Newman, wrote this summary of his paper "Man-Computer Symbiosis", published in IRE Transactions on Human Factors in Electronics in March 1960.
More from J. C. R. Licklider · AI and science · Before ChatGPT
Who else?
What it refers to: The symbiotic partnership of men and computers, in which men set goals and perform evaluations while computing machines do the routinizable work.
Other voices
- “Civilization advances by extending the number of important operations” Alfred North Whitehead,
- “Despite its name, there is nothing “artificial” about this technology” Fei-Fei Li, Researcher,
- “A thinking presence in machinery will become increasingly widespread” Hans Moravec,
- “The Analytical Engine has no pretensions whatever to originate any thing” Ada Lovelace, Researcher,
- “The program maintains the illusion of understanding” Joseph Weizenbaum,










