Machine learning techniques to many problems of economic importance
November 1967 (IBM Journal of Research and Development). Arthur Samuel, IBM researcher then at Stanford, ended his 1967 follow-up paper on his self-learning checkers program with this conclusion. It appeared in the IBM Journal of Research and Development, November 1967.
Some Studies in Machine Learning Using the Game of Checkers. II, Recent Progress
AI and science · AI and money · Before ChatGPT
Who else?
What it refers to: Newer techniques for the tree pruning and parameter interaction problems of the checkers program, which still could not generate its own parameters.
Other voices
- “A computer can be programmed so that it will learn” Arthur L. Samuel,
- “The major impact that was then promised” James Lighthill,
- “About 47 percent of total US employment is at risk” Carl Benedikt Frey and Michael A. Osborne,
- “The whole AI research program was degenerating” Hubert L. Dreyfus,
- “The machine will not learn by mistakes” Claude Shannon,










