That activity which we are wont to call mental
McCulloch et al., December 1943 (Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics). Neurophysiologist Warren McCulloch and logician Walter Pitts modelled neurons as logical units in this December 1943 paper in the Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics. The line comes from its closing section, "Consequences."
A Logical Calculus of the Ideas Immanent in Nervous Activity
AI and science · AI and philosophy · Before ChatGPT
Who else?
What it refers to: Mental activity, whose formal and final aspects the paper says follow from nets of all-or-none neurons and from regenerative nets that show purposive behavior.
Other voices
- “Applicable to both machines and living organisms” Arturo Rosenblueth et al.,
- “Operations of the mind by which reasoning is performed” George Boole,
- “His state of mind at that moment” Alan Turing, Researcher,
- “The man is a mere insensible machine” Thomas Henry Huxley,
- “The machine is not a thinking being” Luigi Federico Menabrea,
- “The whole AI research program was degenerating” Hubert L. Dreyfus,










