Admit the possibility of a mechanized thinking
March 1950 (Philosophical Magazine). Claude Shannon, a mathematician at Bell Telephone Laboratories, wrote this paper on programming a computer to play chess. It was first presented at the National IRE Convention in March 1949 and published in March 1950.
Programming a Computer for Playing Chess
More from Claude Shannon · AI and science · AI and philosophy · Before ChatGPT
Who else?
What it refers to: A solved chess-playing program, which would force this admission or a narrower concept of "thinking", since chess is considered to require thinking for skilful play.
Other voices
- “I could smell a new kind of intelligence across the table” Garry Kasparov,
- “The machine is not a thinking being” Luigi Federico Menabrea,
- “Regulated by mind, and by nothing else” Edgar Allan Poe,
- “The lights are on, but is anyone home?” Robert Wright,
- “A computer can be programmed so that it will learn” Arthur L. Samuel,
- “Programs wanting things, knowing things, expecting things, believing things” Edsger W. Dijkstra,










