Programs wanting things, knowing things, expecting things, believing things
Edsger W. Dijkstra, 2 December 1988 (E.W. Dijkstra Archive, University of Texas at Austin). Dijkstra, professor of computer sciences at the University of Texas at Austin, wrote this essay on computing education in December 1988, arguing against anthropomorphic terms for programs and machines.
On the cruelty of really teaching computing science (EWD1036)
AI and philosophy · AI and science · Before ChatGPT
Who else?
What it refers to: Anthropomorphic terms for parts of programs and equipment, a metaphor the essay blames on John von Neumann and says caused avoidable confusions.
Other voices
- “Just three possible thoughts or beliefs” John McCarthy,
- “Machines cannot feel and, just as important, cannot understand” Neil Postman,
- “Our machines are disturbingly lively” Donna Haraway,
- “Machines thinking without expecting to be contradicted” Alan Turing, Researcher,
- “A machine, therefore, can think” Edmund Berkeley,
- “I am a machine. So are you” Rodney Brooks,










