Machines thinking without expecting to be contradicted
Alan Turing, October 1950 (Mind). Turing was Reader in Mathematics at the University of Manchester. He made this prediction in his October 1950 Mind paper introducing the imitation game, in the section on contrary views on "Can machines think?"
Computing Machinery and Intelligence
More from Alan Turing · AI and philosophy · AI and science · Before ChatGPT
Who else?
What it refers to: The use of words and general educated opinion expected at the end of the century, after computers play the imitation game well within about fifty years.
Other voices
- “Programs wanting things, knowing things, expecting things, believing things” Edsger W. Dijkstra,
- “A thinking presence in machinery will become increasingly widespread” Hans Moravec,
- “Machines cannot feel and, just as important, cannot understand” Neil Postman,
- “Admit the possibility of a mechanized thinking” Claude Shannon,
- “The Analytical Engine has no pretensions whatever to originate any thing” Ada Lovelace, Researcher,
- “Seemingly conscious AI” Mustafa Suleyman, Builder,










